Accounting 201 Final Study Guide Essay Example for Free

Bookkeeping 201 Final Study Guide Essay When are costs perceived? Name the bookkeeping ideas that answer these inquiries. What are the four fiscal summaries? What is the reason for each? Does each report for a while or for a point in time? Have the option to compute the change in stockholders’ value for a period dependent on data contained in the held income explanation. What is GAAP? Who is the body right now liable for building up GAAP? What administrative office has oversight authority over the bookkeeping calling? What is a review? What is the motivation behind an autonomous review? Who can play out a review? What is the grouping of the bookkeeping cycle? Characterize the accompanying terms identified with the bookkeeping cycle: - outline of records - diary - record - preliminary parity - altering passages - balanced preliminary parity - shutting sections - post-shutting preliminary equalization - posting - diary section - charge - credit - t-account Be comfortable with account arrangement. What are the five significant classifications of records? What is a contra account? Have the option to break down exchanges utilizing the charge/credit rules. What is a compound diary passage? How is an account’s balance decided? What is implied by the term ordinary equalization? Have the option to figure a record balance. When are modifying passages arranged? For what reason would they say they are vital? What are a few standards that apply to all modifications? Survey the present you were give in regards to changing sections. What do the accompanying bookkeeping ideas mean? - going concern - money saving advantage - materiality - consistency - income acknowledgment/acknowledgment - coordinating Which of the bookkeeping ideas recorded above structure the reason for accumulation premise bookkeeping? What are the three shutting passages? What is the reason for shutting sections? What is the arrangement for a bank compromise? Which accommodating things necessitate that a diary section be made to remember them? Know about the recipes to ascertain a portion of the generally utilized monetary proportions, including: - current proportion - working capital - brisk proportion How are the accompanying things determined? - net deals - cost of products sold What is the distinction between an occasional stock framework and a ceaseless stock framework? What are interior control methods? What are the four essential explanations behind building up inner controls? What are some basic instances of inside control strategies? Characterize the accompanying terms with respect to notes receivable/notes payable: - head - intrigue - development date - development esteem Be ready to ascertain finishing stock and cost of merchandise sold under the accompanying stock cost designation techniques: - normal costing - FIFO (first-in, first-out) - LIFO (toward the end in, first-out) Be ready to characterize the accompanying terms identified with long haul resources: cost - lingering esteem/rescue esteem/exchange esteem depreciable cost - book esteem - administration life/helpful life - deterioration - collected devaluation - consumption - amortization Be ready to figure deterioration utilizing the accompanying strategies: - straight line - units of creation - twofold declining balance How is the cost of a gathering/packaged acquisition of benefits allotted? What is the distinction bet ween the direct discount technique and the recompense strategy for perceiving terrible obligations? Which one is favored by GAAP? Why? Have the option to characterize the accompanying terms identified with securities payable: - security arrangement - debenture - made sure about security coupon security - enlisted security - convertible security - callable security - term security - sequential security - sinking reserve When will a bond sell at a rebate? At a higher cost than normal? Have the option to decide the issue cost of a security dependent on its market value quote. What are the privileges of bondholders? Of normal investors? Of favored investors? Have the option to characterize the accompanying terms identified with stock: - normal stock - favored stock - profits falling behind financially - standard worth - treasury stock - profit assertion date - date of record - profit installment date - stock profit - stock split - book esteem

ed philosophy re: history :: essays research papers

To get history, you should get a handle on how your ordinary perspective on the world grew, how it was made by the truth of the individuals who lived before you. It took 1000 years to advance the cutting edge perspective on, and to truly comprehend where you are today, you should return yourself to the year 1000 and afterward push ahead through the whole thousand years experientially, just as you really survived the entire time frame yourself in a solitary lifetime.† (Redfield, 1994) I have decided to turn into a history educator to open the psyches of undergrads who have detested history, not in view of the substance of what they are instructed, but since of how they were instructed. With an existentialist perspective on instruction, my lessons will be founded on how people impacts and responded to specific occasions ever, not simply the occasions.      In request to completely clarify why I concur with the existentialist way of thinking, I should bring up why I feel this will assist my capacity with teaching my understudies. Existentialists depend on self-reflection as a significant instrument. I can’t think about a superior method to show an understudy what occurred since forever than by asking how the person in question would respond in that timespan. Envision being a writer attempting to catch the sentiment of a country on November 23, 1963, the day after President John F. Kennedy was shot. Take your creative mind further to catch the torn feelings felt by Mary Todd Lincoln, President Abraham Lincoln‘s spouse, who’s relative Ben Hardin Helm was slaughtered as a Confederate General in the Civil War (Find A Grave, Retrieved 2002). By dedicating yourself completely to a circumstance and communicating those feelings you feel about that circumstance, your responses will achieve a more profound signi ficance; one not all that handily hurled aside after a test is taken or the course is finished.           Existentialists likewise accept that a study hall ought to be an open gathering for conversation. I plan on addressing for the main portion of my group and letting the understudies share their musings in the staying half of the class. Realizing that all people think and act in an unexpected way, this assistance to clarify all sides of an occasion. One understudy may feel that our present circumstance warrants military activity against Iraq while another understudy might be emphatically restricted to America‘s utilization of power. By letting these people express their actual inclination without judgment, I accept different understudies will better comprehend the current circumstance. ed reasoning re: history :: papers look into papers To get history, you should get a handle on how your regular perspective on the world grew, how it was made by the truth of the individuals who lived before you. It took 1000 years to develop the advanced perspective on, and to truly comprehend where you are today, you should return yourself to the year 1000 and afterward push ahead through the whole thousand years experientially, as if you really survived the entire time frame yourself in a solitary lifetime.† (Redfield, 1994) I have decided to turn into a history educator to open the psyches of understudies who have detested history, not as a result of the substance of what they are instructed, but since of how they were instructed. With an existentialist perspective on training, my lessons will be founded on how people impacts and responded to specific occasions ever, not simply the occasions.      In request to completely clarify why I concur with the existentialist way of thinking, I should call attention to why I feel this will assist my capacity with teaching my understudies. Existentialists depend on self-reflection as a significant device. I can’t think about a superior method to show an understudy what occurred from the beginning of time than by asking how the person would respond in that timespan. Envision being a writer attempting to catch the sentiment of a country on November 23, 1963, the day after President John F. Kennedy was shot. Take your creative mind further to catch the torn feelings felt by Mary Todd Lincoln, President Abraham Lincoln‘s spouse, who’s relative Ben Hardin Helm was slaughtered as a Confederate General in the Civil War (Find A Grave, Retrieved 2002). By devoting yourself completely to a circumstance and communicating those feelings you feel about that circumstance, your responses will achieve a more profound s ignificance; one not all that effortlessly hurled aside after a test is taken or the course is finished.           Existentialists likewise accept that a homeroom ought to be an open gathering for conversation. I plan on addressing for the principal half of my group and letting the understudies share their musings in the staying half of the class. Realizing that all people think and act in an unexpected way, this assistance to clarify all sides of an occasion. One understudy may feel that our present circumstance warrants military activity against Iraq while another understudy might be firmly contradicted to America‘s utilization of power. By letting these people express their actual inclination without judgment, I accept different understudies will better comprehend the current circumstance.

What is Conservation of Energy Equation and How Does it Work

What is Conservation of Energy Equation and How Does it Work Conservation of energy equation, together with mass storage and momentum conservation, is a fundamental concept in physics. Within some problem fields, the amount of energy remains constant. And power is not produced or lost. Energy can transform from one form to another. But the overall energy within the domain remains constant. Conservation of interaction of energy and mass are known as two separate laws in physics. However, as per the famous equation E = mc2, in general relativity. The matters can be converted through energy or vice versa. It is, therefore, more proper to say the mass-energy is preserved. Transformation of Energy Summary Transformation of EnergyEnergy conservation lawConservation of Energy EquationIt is proof of the thermodynamics law.Conservation of Energy Equation in Nuclear ReactionsConsequences of Conservation of Energy The transfer of energy from one process to another takes place all the time. The chemical energy of food is converted into thermal energy through digestion. And light energy becomes transformed into chemical energy through photosynthesis. The thermal energy throughout the steam is transformed into electrical energy. As it turns a turbine attached to an engine to create electrical power. The chemical energy to coal is converted into the thermal energy in a broader context. As it burns in such a furnace to convert back into the water. Energy conservation law The conservation of energy equation law states that God does not exist. Or destroyed-it can only be converted from one source of energy to another. It implies that unless it is applying from outside. A machine has always had the same amounts of energy. In non-conservative force, which converts energy from electrical energy into the thermal energy, its especially confusing, but the aggregate energy remains the same. Transforming energy from one shape to another is the only way of using electricity. Conservation of Energy Equation The quantity of energy in a system, formerly, is resolute by following conservation of energy equation: UT=Ui+W+Q UT refers to the total of internal energy in a system,Ui refers to initial internal energy in order,W refers to the work completed on or by the system,Q refers to the heat extra to or detached from, a system. The increase in the internal energy of the device can be calculated by means of the calculation. ?U=W+Q It is proof of the thermodynamics law. While the high conservation of energy equation is compelling, they could make it difficult for reviewing the statement power. The prepared message refers that it is impossible to create electricity from anything. Society needs to get electricity from somewhere, though there are plenty of sly ways to get it. Conservation of Energy Equation in Nuclear Reactions We have to apply the general law of the conservation of energy equation in the analysis of nuclear reactions. Mass and energy are equal and interchangeable into each other according to this rule. It is one of Einsteins theories of relativitys surprising findings. This mass and energy equivalence is described by the famous conservation of energy equation offered by Einstein, E = mc2. Generally, in nuclear as well as chemical reactions, there is an absolute difference between rest energy and mass. So that the components are usually smaller or larger than that of the reactants. In general, it is essential to preserve the total amount of energy. Therefore, since the kinetic energy produced throughout the reaction, the missing rest mass should reappear. The difference is indeed a measure of both the binding nuclear energy that holds together and the nucleus. Consequences of Conservation of Energy An exciting result of the conservation of energy equation law is that it implies that first-class perpetual motion devices are not feasible. In other terms, to continually provide unlimited energy to its environment. A device must have an external power source. It should also be remembered that the conservation of energy equation cannot always be established. Because not all programs have resources translation symmetry. The best way to conserve would be to reduce demand on a limited amount of supply and encourage the market to start rebuilding itself. Most occasions, swapping the electricity used with an option is the easiest way of doing this. If the conservation of energy equation is completed. We may establish calculations that suit the amount of the various energy sources in a structure. We can then be able to solve that the velocity, size, or some other type of parameter that depends upon the capacity. If we dont know enough of the variables to find a suitable solution. Plot-related variables might still be useful to see if a solution is found.

Warm Occlusions - Occluded Fronts - Types of Fronts

A warm air occlusion or occluded front is less common than a cold occlusion. A warm occlusion occurs as cool air moves rapidly into an area with an existing warm front. The difference from a cold occlusion is that the approaching cool air is not as cold as the retreating cold air in the existing front. In other words, the fast-moving, incoming air is cold, but not as cold as the air mass ahead of it. Precipitation can usually be expected when an occluded front passes through an area. Whats an Occluded Front? Sometimes a cold front will catch up to a warm front and overtake both it and the cooler air out ahead of it. If this happens, an occluded front is born. Occluded fronts get their name from the fact that when the cold air pushes underneath the warm air, it lifts the warm air up from the ground, which makes it hidden, or occluded.   Occluded fronts usually form with mature  low-pressure areas. They act like both warm and cold fronts. The symbol for an occluded front is  a purple line with alternating triangles and semi-circles (also purple)  pointing in the direction the front is moving. Sometimes a cold front will catch up to a warm front and overtake both it and the cooler air out ahead of it. If this happens, an occluded front is born. Occluded fronts get their name from the fact that when the cold air pushes underneath the warm air, it lifts the warm air up from the ground, which makes it hidden, or occluded.   Updated by Tiffany Means

The Role Of Ngos On Protection Of Human Rights Essay

3.3 Role of NGOs in protection of Human Rights Many people around the world have dedicated their lives to do something for others, like protecting human rights and ending all kinds of abuses that could be a part of it. This may only be possible if these people or organizations have full public support and advocacy. Non-Governmental Organizations or NGOs are such organizations that try and help all around the world. They work day in and day out, without any alternative mission, to help the needy like help those whose rights are being violated. Their methods vary from declarations to campaigning and fighting for justice. They work hard to make the government realize and keep the promises they make and the principles of the Commission. The basic function of these NGOs are to bring together different class of people and work towards common good by providing responsibility to take care of common good via creativity among people from different groups like sex workers, migrants, children, etc. They work towards bringing relief to victims, consultation, financial helping, and training towards doing something different. They can set up different tasks for different people to help them earn a livelihood, provide shelter to the needy and most importantly provide education with regard to their rights and duties. 3.4.1 Importance and Recognition of NGOs in promotion of Human Rights Non-Governmental Organizations go back about 200 years when, at the end of eighteenth century effortsShow MoreRelatedThe Prevention Of Human Trafficking969 Words   |  4 PagesWhat can be done†¦ The UNODC breaks down it’s approach to combatting human trafficking in 3 ways: â€Å"[the] prevention  of trafficking in persons, protection  of victims of human trafficking, prosecution  of trafficking offenders.† Protection involves identifying victims, providing short-term care for their immediate needs such as â€Å"emergency housing, basic medical assistance, food/clothing, legal services, and translation services for international victims† (ASPE), as well long-term empowerment withRead MoreCEDAW Essay1131 Words   |  5 PagesCEDAW, the international community has made significant progress towards the global normalization of human rights and the internalization of human rights laws into domestic policies and norms. Alongside the development of Human Rights, CEDAW has grown from a weak and largely unenforceable document into a widely-accepted international framework for the protection and advancement of women and women’s rights. Rather than acting as a strict enforcer of hard-law, CEDAW acts more so as a universal set of guidelinesRead MoreHuman Rights Violation in Burma Essay932 Words   |  4 PagesGiven the level of corruption and the human right violation that is ongoi ng in Burma today, no wonder that there are concerns about the backfire of the FDI. Lived experience of the population: In recently published article about the relocation of people who live in the areas designed for the new hydropower or agriculture projects the authors highlight how the local communities’ rights are being neglected. 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(2015) have discussed that refugee resettlement policy in a different host country like USA from differentRead MoreThe United Nations1385 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to a constructivist approach, norms are socially constructed and therefore allow for International Organizations (Ios), Non-Governmental Organizations (Ngos), and Intergovernmental Organizations (IGO’s), to take a key role in educating and pressuring other international actors (Rutherford, 2000). Many of these organizations give their outmost efforts and pour vast amounts of resources into establishing, shifting, and changing social norms. Unlike international state actors, these organizationsRead MorePublic Environmental Awareness and Education1615 Words   |  7 PagesPublic Environmental Awareness and Education Action can be taken in a variety of areas to increase environmental awareness and education. 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What Is the Future of Social Media Free Essays

What is the future of social media? In research for this discussion, I came up with a few insights on what I foresee coming up next in the world of social media. †¢ The physical and digital worlds will be more highly connected than ever before – already today we are able to run in the park and track our progress online while sharing it with our friends or track our weight loss, or even our ovulation (well, some of us, that is) with iPhone apps that connect to our Facebook and twitter profiles and enable us to keep track of our progress as well as share the data with our friends. Facebook, Twitter and other major social networks will become increasingly what Fred Wilson coins â€Å"Social Dashboards†. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is the Future of Social Media or any similar topic only for you Order Now In essence, Facebook and Twitter are social channels on which other companies can grow and develop their own technologies and businesses. Both Facebook and Twitter have created economies far larger than many nations. †¢ Until now, brands have been very concerned with bringing as many people as possible to their pages. Consumer brands can now finally reap the fruits and build social commerce stores where Facebook users (all 700 Million of them) can purchase products on their favorite social network without needing to go to any destination site. Facebook will become one of the major channels of future online shopping. †¢ Companies like Google, Facebook and Amazon are currently collecting information about each and every one of us: Our likes and dislikes, our interests and disdains. Soon in an age of Web 3. 0, an age of Semantic Web, we will no longer need to search for information on the Web as information will find us based on all this data which companies are collecting. The right information will be served to the right people at the right time, saving us all a lot of time, effort and energy. †¢ Mobile technology will become more dominant and NFC technology will be developed further enabling it to offer us special promotions, coupons and ips based on our geographical location and the interest graph. †¢ Human Relationships will no longer be as physically dependent and we will befriend and hang out with people from all over the world and all walks of life, all ethnicities and all beliefs, creating a worldwide melting pot. †¢ We will no longer be passive media consumers. Media will interact with us in dynamic ways on all platforms. Just like gamers playing WOW today, we will all become a part of a virtual world unknown to us yet where we will all be avatars in the game of life. †¢ As the Web is overloaded with more information, the content that we are exposed to will become more and more customized to our needs as companies will large sums of money to companies like Facebook and Google, making sure that the information we are exposed to is highly targeted to our interests. Rather than experiencing information overload, we will actually experience the opposite effect. †¢ Companies will understand better how to measure the ROI of social media and realize that social media is not about the number of people brands have in their communities but rather the amount of engagement that they see on their page and the overall online sentiment they faced this month as opposed to the last. †¢ Services will become increasingly crowd sourced. Whether it be the way that we get from point A to point B (Waze), the way that we find answers to our questions (Quora), the manner in which we test our Websites (uTest), the way that we get things done (Fiverr) or the way that we share information (Wikipedia). Source: www. http://thenextweb. com http://blog. hubspot. com/blog/tabid/6307/bid/7850/What-Is-the-Future-of-Social- Media-Marketing-Marketing-Cast. aspx http://www. slideshare. net/derickson/the-future-of-social-media-marketing http://irclay. hubpages. com/hub/The-Future-of-Social-Media-for-Hotel-Marketing-Travel-and-Tourism How to cite What Is the Future of Social Media, Papers

What Is the Future of Social Media Free Essays

What is the future of social media? In research for this discussion, I came up with a few insights on what I foresee coming up next in the world of social media. †¢ The physical and digital worlds will be more highly connected than ever before – already today we are able to run in the park and track our progress online while sharing it with our friends or track our weight loss, or even our ovulation (well, some of us, that is) with iPhone apps that connect to our Facebook and twitter profiles and enable us to keep track of our progress as well as share the data with our friends. Facebook, Twitter and other major social networks will become increasingly what Fred Wilson coins â€Å"Social Dashboards†. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is the Future of Social Media or any similar topic only for you Order Now In essence, Facebook and Twitter are social channels on which other companies can grow and develop their own technologies and businesses. Both Facebook and Twitter have created economies far larger than many nations. †¢ Until now, brands have been very concerned with bringing as many people as possible to their pages. Consumer brands can now finally reap the fruits and build social commerce stores where Facebook users (all 700 Million of them) can purchase products on their favorite social network without needing to go to any destination site. Facebook will become one of the major channels of future online shopping. †¢ Companies like Google, Facebook and Amazon are currently collecting information about each and every one of us: Our likes and dislikes, our interests and disdains. Soon in an age of Web 3. 0, an age of Semantic Web, we will no longer need to search for information on the Web as information will find us based on all this data which companies are collecting. The right information will be served to the right people at the right time, saving us all a lot of time, effort and energy. †¢ Mobile technology will become more dominant and NFC technology will be developed further enabling it to offer us special promotions, coupons and ips based on our geographical location and the interest graph. †¢ Human Relationships will no longer be as physically dependent and we will befriend and hang out with people from all over the world and all walks of life, all ethnicities and all beliefs, creating a worldwide melting pot. †¢ We will no longer be passive media consumers. Media will interact with us in dynamic ways on all platforms. Just like gamers playing WOW today, we will all become a part of a virtual world unknown to us yet where we will all be avatars in the game of life. †¢ As the Web is overloaded with more information, the content that we are exposed to will become more and more customized to our needs as companies will large sums of money to companies like Facebook and Google, making sure that the information we are exposed to is highly targeted to our interests. Rather than experiencing information overload, we will actually experience the opposite effect. †¢ Companies will understand better how to measure the ROI of social media and realize that social media is not about the number of people brands have in their communities but rather the amount of engagement that they see on their page and the overall online sentiment they faced this month as opposed to the last. †¢ Services will become increasingly crowd sourced. Whether it be the way that we get from point A to point B (Waze), the way that we find answers to our questions (Quora), the manner in which we test our Websites (uTest), the way that we get things done (Fiverr) or the way that we share information (Wikipedia). Source: www. http://thenextweb. com http://blog. hubspot. com/blog/tabid/6307/bid/7850/What-Is-the-Future-of-Social- Media-Marketing-Marketing-Cast. aspx http://www. slideshare. net/derickson/the-future-of-social-media-marketing http://irclay. hubpages. com/hub/The-Future-of-Social-Media-for-Hotel-Marketing-Travel-and-Tourism How to cite What Is the Future of Social Media, Papers

An Essay on the Jaded Truths of Sex Love free essay sample

There is this mistake many of us who have yet to fall in love, or at the very least come to grips with an adequate definition of what that word actually means make on a fairly consistent basis. Make no mistake I am not the wisest man on the planet, nor have I ever claimed to be but I think there are few pieces of knowledge that I have picked up along my journey this far and it seems only fair that I impart them on those willing to listen in order to spare them some heartache and sadness. There are a few major points to which I will draw major attention to, there are a variety of others but as I want this to remain a simple essay, allowing for enough interest to be generated in order to finish it I will keep it as condensed as I can. The topics to be discussed with are these; sex and love, and the relation between the two. This will not be an essay in the traditional sense which would see a number of quotations and citations interspersed in the body of the text, but one complied rather as a retelling of some of the knowledge I have gained through experience. Let us start with love, such a novel word seems to be tossed about in our modern society more than ever before (although that is because those of us alive to claim that now were not alive ever before in order to properly determine that) still perhaps something has gone wrong to allow for this to happen. Of course we are all aware of the most prominent modern use of the word, which has to do primarily with thus of us of the male population who to impress all of their high school friends by sleeping with their girlfriend tells her the magic word which is suppose to swoon her off her feet, make her dizzy with desire and get you faster towards your end goal faster than anything else you have ever tried. Well done men, really aced that one. Though I fi nd it very hard to believe that those lucky members of the female population have not yet figured this scheme out, as it is not particularly subtle or clever. So let us suppose for a minute that this is the case and that all those girls in high school are waiting to hear that magical word, in anticipation that it signifies the final step towards taking the plunge, towards â€Å"hitting a home run† in the most crude terms. What a terrible situation this is then that we have arrived at isn’t it? Where the word of love and the mere uttering of the word is no longer designated for the upper most levels of affection but instead it is used simply as a tool for the advancement of bedroom activities. Though the previous statement is for men, I have no idea as to whether or not women employ this trick just as readily in order to get sex. Though if it does indeed go both ways than the situation as become far more grievous than anticipated. The other major problem with this whole love situation, (referring of course to the announcement of love prematurely, when neither party is truly ready for it) and with that the receiving party feels; 1) obligated upon receiving the â€Å"love† word and that they therefore should reciprocate the word and 2) leading to one or both parties taken to a state of confusion as to whether or not the other party or themselves in fact really truly believe what they are saying. Then of course with both parties in a state of confusion they continue to progress down the path to the perceived end goal which will only cement this proposed â€Å"love† that the two parties share. That is the topic for the following paragraph. Firstly I do believe some clarification is in order to all those readers still under the influence of the perception that â€Å"sex† is to â€Å"love making† what the â€Å"sun† is to so many other stars in the sky, that they are one in the same. This is entirely false, so much so that I am not even sure that there are words at my disposal equal to the task of describing how different these two things are. The notion that they are the same has led to many a problematic situation, especially among those who see their first time as â€Å"the making of love†, so I shall now attempt to break down the world of virginity and the loss thereof to all those who are feeling lost. There seems to be this perception that the loss of virginity is something entirely different to both sides, that the female loss is this tragic loss of innocence, a loss of something that was sacred and can never be redeemed. While on the other hand the male loss is viewed as being something else entirely, more masculine, a right of passage, and a gateway to the world sort of thing. This is entirely an error, one quite drastic to say the least. Men, while in an attempt to seem macho and masculine may shrug the first time off as something meaningless, just a bit of harmless fun that is i ntended in no way to hurt anyone’s feelings do interestingly enough feel quite similarly about the loss of virginity as females do. (This cannot of course be applied to all subjects of both populations but rather the majority of them). A loss is a loss, regardless of who is doing the losing, the major point here is that in a case where let us suggest two people lose their virginity at the same time they will both feel in someway connected, but the woman slightly more so, placing the guy ahead in terms of emotional disconnect, leading the man to be the one which is more than likely to shrug the act off as nothing (the other part is that men have a tendency to hide their emotions, especially ones that will make them seem weak, effeminate or â€Å"pussy† thus they are usually hidden). This is entirely turned on its head when the man goes in as a virgin; felt the aforementioned connection and the other party did not reciprocate. Thus the man quite interestingly enough will receive the feeling of hurt and lost that we most commonly attribute to the woman in the situation. The real point that has been attempted to be made here is that sex equals sex and love making equals love making, very rarely do the two ever co-exist in harmony where both parties enjoy the same feeling to the act in question. Most often one side feels something while the other side feels nothing whatsoever, and someone gets hurt but if this confusion could start to be rectified as a whole within the community of our youth I do believe that there is a good chance that such situations of hurt could be avoided, sex is sex, and losing yourself in some sort of emotional fantasy over the first time is a useless waste of time.

Beethoven Essays (621 words) - Age Of Enlightenment,

Beethoven Ludwig Van Beethoven BEETHOVEN 1770-1827 Life of Beethoven I. Education in general and in music Beethoven came from a musical family, and his early musical training was under his father's guidance. His father taught him piano and violin. His general education was not continued beyond the elementary school. He was practically illiterate in math. II. Self assertion As a youth of 19, in 1789, Beethoven took legal steps to have himself placed at the head of his family. He petitioned for half his father's salary to support his brothers. This act of self-assertion is an indication of his character. III. Studies with Haydn A. The first contact On one of Haydn's trips to London, he met the young Beethoven. Beethoven showed Haydn a cantata and he received Haydn's commendation. The Elector of Bonn paid for Beethoven's lessons and expences in to study with Haydn in Vienna. B. The studies Beethoven arrived in Vienna in 1792 and studied with Haydn for about one year. The arrangement proved to be a dissappointment to Beethoven. C. The relationship Outwardly in public the two were cordial, but there were troubles with the relationship--maybe professional jealousy caused the problems. D. Other teachers Beethoven turned to other teachers when Haydn went to London for the second time. He studied with Albrechtsberger, famous as a choir director at St. Stephens in Vienna and the best-known counterpoint teacher in Vienna. He then studied Salieri, famous in Mozart's biography. Salieri helped Beethoven in setting Italian words to music. IV. Establishment as pianist and composer His first task in Vienna was to establish himself as pianist and composer. He achieved both rapidly. A. Aristocracy He had worked for a court in Bonn so his first contacts were in aristocratic circles. He needed financial support from them. B. Public concerts Public concerts were not yet the way of life in Vienna, but Beethoven did begin a series of charity concerts. Later in 1800 he gave his first concert for his own benefit. C. Opus 1 His opus 1, Trios for Piano Violin and Cello, were designed to impress Viennese society. Each trio is in 4 movements. Beethoven created parity among the instruments in these trios. V. Brothers and Nephew A. Fighting with brothers All three brothers lived in Vienna and they often came to blows in the street. B. Fighting for nephew After his brother Carl died in 1815 Beethoven felt responsible for his nephew Karl. He had little difficulty in persuading himself that his sister-in-law was unfit to care for Karl. He went to court requesting guardianship (he won). VI. Deafness A. The secret It is not known for sure when he began to go deaf, but he kept the fact a secret until 1801 when he wrote a Bonn friend about his miserably life. B. Heiligenstadt Testament Having moved out of the city for medical reasons he wrote the Heiligenstadt Testament. C. Total deafness He was totally deaf by 1818. He continued to compose until the year of his death in 1827. Works of Beethoven ? 9 SYMPHON IES ? 1 OPERA Fidelio ? 32 PIANO SONATAS ? 5 PIANO CONCERTOS ? 16 STRING QUARTETS ? 16 SONATAS FOR ONE INSTRUMENT AND PIANO (CELLO,5; VIOLIN,10; FH,1) The Symphonies ? op.21 Symphony No. 1 in C 1800 ? op.36 Symphony No. 2 in D 1801-02 ? op.55 Symphony No. 3 in E flat Erocia 1803 ? op.60 Symphony No. 4 in B flat 1806 ? op.67 Symphony No. 5 in c minor 1807 ? op.68 Symphony No. 6 in F Pastoral 1808 ? op.92 Symphony No. 7 in A 1811 ? op.93 Symphony No. 8 in F 1812 ? op.125 Symphony No. 9 in d minor 1822 Music

Free Essays on Ku Klux Klan

Ku Klux Klan The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) is one of America's oldest and most feared groups. Driven by the dream of a world with only one master race, the KKK often uses violence and moves above the law to promote their cause. They didn't start of violent, or to promote white supremacy. They have been in the shadows for over 130 years and continue to thrive in America's society today. The Ku Klux Klan began almost accidentally during the reconstruction period after the civil war in the Southern United States. The southern people had suffered greatly from the effects of the great war. Many of them lost their homes and plantations. Many also lost friends and loved ones to the war. The people needed a release from the sorrow of everyday life. In 1865, six men from a small town in Tennessee accidentally began what has grown to be the largest and most feared "hate group" in the country. The men decided to make a club to help release the stress of the times. The men were all poor and could not afford to make gowns or great costumes for the group, so they decided to use linens. They wore the linens over their backs and put pillowcases on their heads. They also draped the linens over their horses. The Ku Klux Klan was going to ride for the first time. In the beginning, the men wanted to do nothing more than play pranks on people. However, the people were more frightened than they were cheered up. They soon realized what they could do with these fear tactics. The South had turned into a place that was no longer theirs. The slaves were now free (many of these men were slave owners) and carpetbaggers were coming from the North to take advantage of the southern people. They saw the opportunity to set back the South to ! what it had been. The KKK soon began to ride through political rallies of the carpetbaggers. People often fled the rallies out of fear. Word quickly spread across the South about these masked men. Many people loved ... Free Essays on Ku Klux Klan Free Essays on Ku Klux Klan Ku Klux Klan The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) is one of America's oldest and most feared groups. Driven by the dream of a world with only one master race, the KKK often uses violence and moves above the law to promote their cause. They didn't start of violent, or to promote white supremacy. They have been in the shadows for over 130 years and continue to thrive in America's society today. The Ku Klux Klan began almost accidentally during the reconstruction period after the civil war in the Southern United States. The southern people had suffered greatly from the effects of the great war. Many of them lost their homes and plantations. Many also lost friends and loved ones to the war. The people needed a release from the sorrow of everyday life. In 1865, six men from a small town in Tennessee accidentally began what has grown to be the largest and most feared "hate group" in the country. The men decided to make a club to help release the stress of the times. The men were all poor and could not afford to make gowns or great costumes for the group, so they decided to use linens. They wore the linens over their backs and put pillowcases on their heads. They also draped the linens over their horses. The Ku Klux Klan was going to ride for the first time. In the beginning, the men wanted to do nothing more than play pranks on people. However, the people were more frightened than they were cheered up. They soon realized what they could do with these fear tactics. The South had turned into a place that was no longer theirs. The slaves were now free (many of these men were slave owners) and carpetbaggers were coming from the North to take advantage of the southern people. They saw the opportunity to set back the South to ! what it had been. The KKK soon began to ride through political rallies of the carpetbaggers. People often fled the rallies out of fear. Word quickly spread across the South about these masked men. Many people loved ... Free Essays on Ku Klux Klan The Ku Klux Klan is the organisation in USA that has been torturing and harrasing The Black people living in America since they entered America as workers. They are racist people who belive that the Whites are superior to other races.The Ku Klux Klan's long history of violence grew out of the resentment and hatred many white Southerners felt in the aftermath of the Civil War. Blacks, having won the struggle for freedom from slavery, were now faced with a new struggle against widespread racism and the terrorism of the Ku Klux Klan. Ironically, the Klan was born from simple idleness, created as a social club by six young Confederate veterans of the Civil War. All six was well- educated, relatvely affluent, and each had passed the war as an officer. They called this secret group which they created of boredom, The Ku Klux Klan that is from kuklos; Greek for circle.While the menace of the KKK has peaked and waned over the years, it has never vanished. The Klan, when it was first founded, it sabotaged Reconstruction governments and imposed a reign of terror and violence. After three years it came to an end, The Klan was no longer present. After World War I The Klan was reborn but this time in a much different style. This research will dig into the deepest facts and aspects of the Klan and show how radical and violent it is. The KKK is the biggest terror organisation in the USA that was and still is a threat to Black people in America and such a terror cannot be accepted, not in the present day because we want to live in a peaceful world where everyone is equal. One explanation of Southern America’s widespread acceptance of the Klan is found in the institution of slavery. Freedom for slaves represented for many white Southerners a bitter defeat - a defeat not only of their armies in the field but of their economic and social way of life. It was an age-old nightmare come true, for early in So...

How the media influeces society Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

How the media influeces society - Research Paper Example A possible way that can directly measure how exactly the media affect people is through an unethical experiment where the person is exposed to only media and not other sources of possible influence, such as family, religion, education, and other institutions. Despite constraints on determining causal relationships between mass media and social effects, several empirical attempts have been made to understand how media can influence society. Mass media affects society through providing a model for learning behaviors, setting agenda that can affect people’s prioritization of and response to social issues, and framing information that can impact how people understand and react to events and schemas. Mass media influences society by offering models for learning behaviors. Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory can help explain how mass media shapes behaviors. Social Learning Theory states that people learn attitudes and behaviors by â€Å"observing and modeling† othe rs (â€Å"Social Learning Theory†). Learning is not the same as imitating because learning means that people are not only imitating something, but has absorbed the underlying knowledge and/or skills, as well as values and norms (when present). Mass media can then have positive or negative effects on people by shaping their attitudes and/or behaviors through the social modeling mechanism of learning. One of the most studied and controversial mass media effects is violence, specifically youth violence. Craig Anderson and colleagues surveyed a wide literature of media effects on violence. They stress that, based on their findings, numerous studies with different sampling, methods, and media genres prove that violence in mass media can increase the possibility of aggressive behaviors for the youth in the short-run and/or long run through different ways. Craig et al. state that observational learning can result to children learning â€Å"aggressive attitudes and behaviors† from mass media, such as â€Å"television and video games† (94). The studies of Bjorkqvist in 1985 on 5 to 6-year olds Finnish kids and Josephson in 1987 on 7 to 9-year old boys provide some evidence that, for their cross-sectional studies with control groups, those who â€Å"watched violent films† acted more violently against other children afterwards than those who did not watch violent films (qtd. in Craig et al. 85). Mass media can be argued as affecting these children by providing negative models of violent behaviors, which affected their actions too, at least in the short run. A longitudinal study from Eron et al. show that boys who watched violent TV shows since the age of 8 showed â€Å"more violent attitudes† later on in life (qtd. in Craig et al. 87). Mass media can have, based on this study, lasting effects on people’s behaviors too, provided that it is a prevalent and significant presence in a child’s life. These studies indicate that m ass media can affect society by teaching harmful models of behaviors. Not all mass media effects on society are negative, nevertheless, because mass media can be programmed to teach pro-social behaviors too, where it can affect society through modeling positive attitudes and behaviors for the youth. Many television and CD/DVD shows, for instance, are geared to teaching children positive social behaviors and new knowledge and skills. Dimitri A. Christakis et al. wanted to know if exposing children to TV shows that teach

Health Care Organization Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Health Care Organization - Term Paper Example Human resources play a key role at all levels of health care provision, enhanced by proper decision making by health care organizations. In the light of the Johns Hopkins Medicine organization, human resources environment is evaluated and assessed in terms of the various factors that characterize that environment. Challenges of managing the human resources in the organization Managing human resources is often characterized by a number of identifiable challenges. These challenges are spread across all variables that define the operational functionality of human resources in an organization. Human resources management in the context of Johns Hopkins Medicine organization experiences challenges internally and externally, based on local and international trends in factors that affect human resources and the entire health care industry. The challenges herein are discussed below: New technology challenge The Johns Hopkins Medicine organization is one of the health care organizations that h ighly adopt changes in new and advanced technologies. The organization is committed to providing the domestic and international community with health services that utilize contemporary technologies in a bid to make the services effective and efficient. This is actually a positive effort for the organization, but its human resource management personnel face a significant challenge posed by this pursuit. This process promotes a shift from touch labor to knowledge work (Beardwell & Claydon, 2010). In other words, managing this change in the context of the workforce is a difficult task. Leadership development Leadership impacts on the organization at all levels. This is because organizational decisions are taken at all levels due to the required interdepartmental relationship. While Johns Hopkins Medicine organization is focused on becoming a world leading example in the health sector, little or no concentration is directed towards internal leadership of specific departments. On the sam e note, all the departments are required to work in harmony and observe the same goals and objectives. The conflicting pursuit challenges leadership development in the organization. Measurement of effectiveness Many health care organizations are focused on the result other than the process. Effectiveness measurement in these organizations is directed to the general company performance other than the individual contribution of each department in the organization. It is important to account for the effectiveness of the human resource department in the pursuit of the organizational goals. However, proper mechanisms to do so are lacking in many organizations. While such mechanisms may be in place in Johns Hopkins Medicine organization, the key variables that measure the effectiveness are lacking. Staffing It is the role of human resources management to undertake proper staffing in an organization. This is done through recruitment and management of available skilled labor, locally and in ternationally (Pilbeam & Corbridge, 2011). Johns Hopkins Medicine is an ever advancing organization in terms of its operations and technology. As a result, the staffing of the organization needs to be diverse and dynamic over time in order to match these trends. Striking a balance between the advancement and the staffing process is

Brief and Time-limited Therapy: Types and Effects

Brief and Time-limited Therapy: Types and Effects Brief Therapy – Promising or Abusive? Brief and time-limited therapy experienced much controversy about its usefulness before it has finally established itself as a valid form of therapy for certain patient populations while being accepted by most professionals in the field. Some therapists have even hailed brief therapy as having already filled the place of longer-term psychotherapy and having emerged as the 21st century’s preferred treatment (Carlson Sperry, 2000). This brief paper intends to investigate whether these assertions are acceptable or whether brief therapy should be rejected in favour of traditional longer-lasting intervention models. Definition and Characteristics of Brief Therapy Brief therapy is neither unequivocally defined nor represents a unity as demonstrated by Sperry (1989) who compared eight contemporary brief therapy models. He concluded that none of the investigated models would agree upon the ideal clients to treat, the ideal definition which decides over what is exactly comprised by the term brief and most importantly in the targets and aims for brief therapy (Manaster, 1989). The present paper will focus on these points and also emphasise the practical and ethical bases for brief therapy. Psychotherapy generally embraces a therapeutic negotiation which can last from a few months to a few years (brief vs. long-term therapy) although these therapeutic transactions may even take place after shorter periods of time during a therapeutic dialogue. Notwithstanding, there was for a long time the notion persisted among leading therapists that the longer a therapy endures the better the improvement experienced by the patient (Fiester and Rudestan, 1975). This belief, however, was neither backed up by scientific research nor by clinical experience. In contrast, recent research repeatedly and uniformly demonstrated that therapeutic interventions which are designed for shorter amount of sessions are more effective than longer lasting interventions (Sperry, 1989). As a result of these findings, brief therapy enjoyed greater popularity and it became necessary to finally formulate the brief therapy model more thoroughly. Thus, Koss and Shiang (1994) identified in the fourth edition o f the Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behaviour Change the basic principles of brief therapy. They concluded that it involves around six general considerations that enable therapeutic processes to be brief: 1) time-limitation 2) focus on change over the client’s life span, 3) working alliance between counsellor and client, 4) therapists pro-activeness, directiveness, optimism, 5) flexibility of technique, 6) focus on termination issues (Nicoll, Bitter, Christensen, and Hawes, 2000; Bitter and Nicoll, 2004). Number of Treatment Sessions A fundamental and enduring discordance between idealised hypothesis and realisable practice involves the average number of treatment sessions undertaken by patients. Hansen, and colleagues (2002) discovered that the median number of treatment sessions in time-unlimited therapies is below seven. However, after having reviewed the literature it can be said that most definitions regard brief therapy as including at maximum 20 to 30 sessions while the numbers appear arbitrary. Most investigated interventions, however ranged from seven to 25 sessions (Sperry, 1989). Shulman (1989) notes that prior to the emergence of psychoanalysis the necessary time period for psychotherapy was not an issue. Nonetheless, by the time psychoanalysis indicated to be both popular and lengthy length of time required for successful psychoanalysis interventions became an issue. Ferenczi (1951) and Rank (1945) pioneered in finding new ways to reduce the treatment period. Consequently, Shulman (1989) defined brief therapy by the therapist’s endeavour to significantly improve the client’s condition in a short period of time while Gentry (1981) described brief therapy as emphasising on â€Å"current observable behaviour and social interaction.† Brief therapists, as a conclusion, excludes the exploration of childhood traumas and experiences as it is not intended to make the client aware of impact of past experiences upon current functioning. Thus the fundamental aspect of a brief therapy definition seems to be the focus on keeping therapy short and limited rather than specifying the maximum allowed amount of necessary time (Manaster, 1989). Limiting targets and time are the two ways which have been identified by therapists as making it possible to keep therapies as short as possible. Limiting targets involves reducing the attention to a specific resolution of an identifiable trouble or problem. This approach is characterised by under standing individuals in parts in such a form that it is possible to treat their crisis more briefly. Those who prefer a more holistic approach regard patients as more complex and believe that thus it is only feasible to treat solely superficial dilemmas and crises. Consequently, according to Evans (1989) it is very complicated to vindicate the limiting of targets in a holistically based therapeutic transaction (e.g. Individual Psychology). The matter of setting joint targets is important as clinicians often have different expectations about treatment results than their clients. Whilst most therapists attempt to succeed in achieving more complex and thorough treatment results most clients are normally requiring relief from psychotherapy (Beutler and Crago, 1987). As a matter of fact, the therapist should strive towards being professional, and thus, offer as many sessions as necessary. As a consequence of choice given to clients or economic and policy considerations, the norm in both Britain and America is that to undertake brief therapy in no more than about 25 sessions. The new trend, however, are currently so-called ultra-brief therapies which involve therapies of less than six sessions. Again, these ultra-brief therapies result due to treatment services and resource constraints. A few recent experiments have already tried to establish its usefulness. Copeland and colleagues (2001), for instance, contrasted one- and six-session cognitive-behavioural interventions aiming on clients to cease and maintain abstinent from cannabis usage and revealed that only the six-session group demonstrated observable decreased amounts of cannabis consumption relative to controls while one-session programmes resulted only in marginally significant reductions in cannabis usage. Brief Therapy Conditions (Referral, Contracts) As Randolph (1992) maintained â€Å"brief therapy is viewed as realistic and geared to the demands (and needs) of clients and not to the restraints of the market place† (p.159). In other words, brief therapies are more client-focused and centred in contrast to long-term therapies and therefore it is important to consider for which type of clients brief therapy is more meaningful and promises to be more effective. Hence, both referral out and in should be based upon cautious and thorough assessment of patient’ suitability for brief therapy. Most time-limited work takes place in settings and as a consequence involves more than the therapist alone. In essence, what is made available to the patient is usually determined on the applied exclusion and inclusion criteria. Additionally, the practising counsellor should be preferably the only person who decides over what exactly can be done to improve the patient’s condition, who is the ideal person to assess the present client and future patient and how the therapy has to be set up, contracted, conducted, and ceased. Due to limited resources it is not always possible to consider the client’s choice over what s/he desires to receive. Both prognosis of potential outcome and availability play mostly a more important role than the patient’s ideal therapy plan. There are no strict rules of how contracts have to be negotiated as they are very context specific. They can be arranged as Mander (2003) noted by â€Å"the therapeutic couple or by service managers who hold the purse strings and stipulate the number of sessions allowed.†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Starting clients off will depend on whether they are ready to engage in an active working alliance and have sufficient trust to reveal at assessment the extent of the emotional crisis that has made them seek help.† (p.486-487). Although both parties generally agree on the fact that the therapy should remain brief it should be possible to arrange a prior or post-therapy referral-on when a serious problem and crisis has been discovered. This referral-on should be very flexible and could even include relocation and therapist change if necessary. It makes sense to regard brief therapy as a kind of pit-stop which has the power to update, re-energise and adjust the human minds vehicle while allowing the individual to come back to the repair station whenever it is neede d again. Thus clients can be accompanied by brief therapies from childhood to maturity. Self-evidently not everyone will be in need of constant check-ups and pit-stops as the majority of individuals will adapt and acquire skills to deal with the working-through processes independently. The therapist him or herself can view this service as similar to intermittent parenting of an individual (Mander, 2003). Despite the fact that some (e.g. Bitter and Nicoll, 1994) view the integration of time limits into the intervention programme as leading to both meeting and leaving people in the middle of their lives other researchers are of the opinion that it must be possible to extend the contract in a therapeutic alliance and that the counsellor must even feel free to transform a brief therapy into a long-term therapy. In a nutshell, in deciding who to treat, clinicians of different fields should aim to match their techniques, clinical experience and theory with patients who they evaluate as being ideal to be helped by this intervention model. Whitaker (1996) noted furthermore that some groups like students with disabling emotional problems should not be included in brief therapy programmes. Likewise, severe eating or personality illnesses or serious sexual perversion and severe alcohol and drug addiction are hardly curable in intensive but limited and brief therapeutic interactions. Cooper and Archer (1999) added that the clinical service mission and criteria for therapy must underlie a well-defined, unambiguous and clear assessment model like the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV). Suggestions for a Counsellor in Training Starting to practise as a brief therapist is both very challenging and rewarding. However it can also become difficult to constantly motivate oneself to continue if the desired outcomes do not become evident in the short available time. It is rewarding as one has the opportunity to see how patients’ conditions transform and improve in a short period of time whereas achieving set goals is certainly an uplifting and worthwhile experience. The real secret and difficulty for the beginning counsellor is, however, to know themselves perfectly and to not only be aware but also to tightly monitor one’s strengths and weaknesses. For example, â€Å"being able to bear the repeated hellos and goodbyes of brief therapy may depend on how the therapist has managed the meetings and partings in their own life, and their ability to focus on significant psychodynamic details will be a function of how they analyse their own life experience in terms of linking past and present†. (Mander, 2003; p.498). Without both it is rarely possibly to allow patients to move on when their contract has terminated. Discussing and being aware of transference helps additionally not to hanker about past clients while receiving and accepting new patients in need of brief therapy. It is debatable whether a young counsellor has already achieved a certain level of maturity which is necessary in order to accept imperfect rather than ideal treatment outcomes. Consequently, one must permanently be empowered to control for the balance in both the practitioner’s and patient’s expectations while being utterly optimistic that both expectations will be met. One has to constantly bear in mind that the client needs to leave the treatment sessions with a positive impression and feeling as a client will have to force and push him or herself real hard to ask for help the next time s/he needs therapeutic help again. Conclusion By setting targets and a time limit clients may feel that they are not imprisoned by the therapy but that an improvement of their condition is both in sight and tangible. This optimism unleashes positive energies which benefit the overall therapy. Additionally, patients may perceive for the first time that the therapy is more tailored to their own needs and that the therapist is not so much interested in the potential commercial benefits but is more concerned that the set goals are achieved in a brief period of time. The fact that clients may feel better understood enables a beneficial therapeutic relationship to develop which facilitates clients to come back after the brief therapy and attempt to tackle another experienced personal problem or crisis. References Bitter, J. R. and Nicoll, W. G. (2000). Adlerian Brief Therapy with individuals: process and practice. Journal of Individual Psychology, 56(1), p31-46. Bitter, J. R. and Nicoll, W. G. (2004). Relational strategies: two approaches to Adlerian Brief Therapy. Journal of Individual Psychology, 60(1), 42-66. Beutler, L., and Crago, M. (1987). Strategies and techniques of prescriptive psychotherapeutic intervention. In R. Hales and A. Frances (Eds.), Psychiatric updates: American psychiatric association annual review. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press. Cooper, S. and Archer, Jr, J., (1999). Brief Therapy in college counselling and mental health. Journal of American College Health, 48(1). Copeland, J., S., Roffman, R., and Stephens, R. (2001). A randomized controlled trial of brief cognitive-behavioural interventions for cannabis use disorder. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 21, 55-64. Evans, T. D. (1989). Brief Therapy: the tradition of individual psychology compared to MRI. Individual Psychology: The Journal of Adlerian Theory, Research Practice, 45(1/2), p48-57. Ferenczi, S. (1951). Further contributions to the theory and techniques of psychoanalysis. New York: Basic Books. Fiester, A. and Rudestan, K. (1975). A multivariate analysis of the early treatment dropout process. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 528-535. Garfield, S. (1986). Research on client variables in psychotherapy. In S. Garfield and A. Bergin (Eds.), Handbook of psychotherapy and behaviour change. New York: John Wiley Sons. Gentry, D. L. (1981). Brief therapy. In R. J. Corsini (Ed.), Handbook of innovative psychotherapies. New York: Wiley. Hansen, N. B., Lambert, M. J., and Forman, E. M. (2002). The psychotherapy dose-response effect and its implications for treatment delivery services. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9, 329-343. Koss, M. P., and Shiang, J. (1984). Research on brief therapy. In A. E. Bergin and S. L. Garfield (Eds.), Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behaviour Change (4th ed.). (pp. 664-700). New York: Wiley. Manaster, G. J. (1989). Clinical issues in Brief Psychotherapy: a summary and conclusion. Individual Psychology: The Journal of Adlerian Theory, Research Practice, 45(1/2), 243-248. Mander, G. (2003). Dilemmas in Brief Therapy. Psychodynamic Practice, 9(4), 485-500. Nicoll, W. G., Bitter, J. R., Christensen, O. C., and Hawes, C. (2000). Adlerian brief therapy: Strategues and tactics. In J. Carlson and L. Sperry (Eds.), Brief therapy strategies with individuals and couples (pp. 220-247). Phoenix: Zeig/Tucker. Randolph, J. L. (1992). Brief Therapy: myths, methods, and metaphors. Health Social Work, 17(2), 159-160. Rank, O. (1945). Will therapy: truth and reality. New York: Knopf. Shulman, B. H. (1989). Some remarks on Brief Psychotherapy. Individual Psychology: The Journal of Adlerian Theory, Research Practice, 45(1/2), 34-38. Sperry, L. (1989). Contemporary approaches to Brief Psychotherapy: a comparative analysis. Individual Psychology: Individual Psychology: The Journal of Adlerian Theory, Research Practice, 45(1/2), 3-26. Whitaker L. C. (1996). Treating students with personality disorders: a costly dilemma. J Coll Student Psychotherapy, 10(3), 29-44.

Democratic Government and Monarchy

Democratic Government and Monarchy The types of system of government Democracy and Monarchy are different from each other. The actual founder of the modern democracy was John Locke, who argued with Thomas Hobbes, the one who believed that one person king or queen should rule. Government has been an issue throughout time. Many different governments have been established, demolished and replaced over the time, but the question is which one is better?In democracy they give the people more freedom, and more voice to choose what is best for them, however in absolute power the ruler gets to choose what is good for the people or not. It’s becoming hard to decide the type of government system is best suitable for the society we live in. Monarchy and democracy both have advantages, and disadvantages, indeed; government is never established without them. Let’s first look at Monarchy. Monarchy is a system of government ruled by king or queen. People follow the throne; members of t he ruling family.The ruler decides, and gets to choose the best for country. Otherwise, there are some punishments given to the people. The system of monarchy is been established in many places throughout the time in different places. One of the big places is England where this system is still accepted even in this postmodern twenty first century. England has had good and bad kings, queens and both. One of the kings that England had was by the name of Henry the VIII, who comes in the bad category of the rulers.Henry the VIII was a good king, however his secretive, acquisitive, and untrusting qualities lead to downfall. He went against the church in order to execute one of the sixth wives â€Å"Anne Boleyn† for not producing a male heir to his throne. When Henry VIII died his only son Henry IX succeeded him. When his son died, Henry the VIII’s first daughter Mary, ascended the throne. She was raised as a catholic and was intent to make the entire country of Catholic, an d then she earned the title of â€Å"Bloody Mary†. Elizabeth succeeded her, and she was one of the good rulers that England had.Elizabeth was a beloved queen to England and ruled for forty four years. There are some advantages and disadvantages of Monarchy. History is witness that monarchy came out ahead of democracy, however the economists call it â€Å"time Preference†. The best advantage of having a monarchy is that there is always someone higher up than the peoples elected Representative like the prime minister. The monarch has no political preference so is balanced and is able to guide the PM in running the country. Let’s pretend that king or queen is so fair that everything in the country runs smoothly.Then not only government, but also society would be willing to have monarchy in that country. And if king and queen govern so cruelly, then the citizens would be unhappy to live in that country and there will be revolutionary war or civil war that ruin prosp erity of the country like how this happened in Nepal from 1996 to 2006. The problem with any hereditary absolute ruler is the possibility of too much power in the hands of a person unsuitable for maintaining it. History is witnessed with examples. The great roman emperor Augustus was succeeded by the likes of Caligula and Nero.The warrior king Edward I followed by the useless Edward II. The list goes on. It was great if the monarch was a ‘good' king or queen. But if you had an incompetent tyrant on your hands it could be disastrous. Also, an advantage is that less people in charge means less arguing, and it becomes easy to take action, instead of wasting time. Now let’s start with democratic system. The other government system is Democracy, is a form of government in which people freely elect their representatives to govern them. In democratic countries, what majority wants is established.The good example of the Democratic government is Rome in early renaissance. Rome h ad the best democratic government at this time. The element of that system of government can be found in United States. The veto system used today by the president of the United States was also used in Rome’s democratic system. As we can see from the government used in the United States today, where all people have right to say in the issues of country, is better for all and much better than a monarchy. Here are some advantages and disadvantages of democratic government.The democratic system can be established for changes in government without violence. In a democratic system, authority can be transferred from one leader to another by the jurisdiction of citizens of the country determines their ruling authority. This makes the ruling authority grateful to the citizen, and this serves as their motivation of freedom towards citizen, which maintains peace. The most important advantage of the democracy is that by claiming the leader citizens gain a sense of participation in the e lections to choose their government.Citizens of the country feel free to voice their opinions in the process of choosing the authoritarian, and this gives rise to a feeling of nationalism in their mind. Disadvantages In a democratic nation, people have all the right to elect their leader, however mostly people do not vote due to the lack of knowledge the political scenario in their country, and this results making people wrong choices. The leaders rule for a short period of time, and this results them to focus on winning the election rather than working of their people.Every form of government system is guaranteed to have some drawbacks. There are different views about both political systems. Whether a government system is democratic or monarchy, they both serve the same purpose that is run its country. Their similarities, advantages, and disadvantages have to be evaluated carefully in order to have a good conclusion. Both governments are considerable on both sides. When Thomas Hobb es looked out of his window, he saw the entire bad things that could happen in a democratic government and he decided to believe that there should be an absolute power.On the other hand, John Locke saw the society in a good way and he believed that society should have more rights than they do. Two philosophers are so good in their work yet so opposite their beliefs helped to decide the criteria of society. World is coming into a new era, and countries with monarchy type of government are hard to establish, however it’s not impossible to see this system. It depends on the society we are living in and the type of government will establish which fits within the society, and this concludes that both Democratic and monarchy system of government are efficient.

Exploring duality in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay

When Stevenson wrote the novella ‘Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ he seemed to have been influenced by various ideas. The first goes all the way back to an ancient Greek philosopher ‘Plato’. His theory of dualism was imaged as two horses clashing with one another. He believed that every human being was a charioteer trying to keep them balanced and in control. One horse being black representing the animal demonic side; this is the side being harder to control and contains instinctive drives. This expresses the dark side. Stevenson took this concept to another level and gave off the impression that in his novella the dark horse had been liberated taking over the white horse. The white horse portrayed intelligence, moral senses, and the angelic side of mankind. This side had less energy but responded to all the commands exactly. Jekyll evidently being a scientist had more characteristics of the higher horse (white), but every one has a demonic side it is natural to have a bit of dark side to them. Hyde stood by the dark horse he was all defective and didn’t take any consequences for his actions. Hyde’s charter was vey monstrous and beastly. This takes me onto the idea of Charles Darwin; his concept to duality was the idea of there being a ‘beast in a man’. He believed that mankind originated from apes. He also believed that there was two parts to human nature. Stevenson took this to an extreme when he introduced the character ‘Hyde’. Although there isn’t an exact description of Hyde’s appearance, Enfield did say in the first chapter â€Å"He is not easy to describe, there is something wrong with his appearance; something displeasing, something downright detestable†, â€Å"and he must be deformed somewhere†. This quote is the best to show the beastliness of Hyde. His actions also are not very human like a good example of this is when he tramples over a little girl. Stevenson adapts Darwin’s idea to his novella. The third and final influence was the Victorian society at the time. In this society men were forced to ‘hide’ their secrets from their public lives. There was a lot of hypocrisy in the Victorian times. People said one thing and did the other. Stevenson takes this idea; this influence is proved in the first chapter when Enfield and Mr Utterson talk about ‘Hyde’. â€Å"No sir I had a delicacy; was the reply ‘I feel very strongly about putting questions; it partakes too much of the style of the day of judgement. You start a question, and it’s like starting a stone, you sit quietly on top of the hill; and away the stone goes, starting other;† â€Å"and the family have to change their name. No sir, I make it a rule of mine: the more it looks like Queer Street, the less I ask. This is stating the fact that people in the Victorian times stayed out of each other business as they didn’t want people to ask about their personal lives. Men in those times got away with almost anything in Hyde’s case he got away with murder. People kept them selves to their selves, but they felt it was right to ask about other people. This shows dualism in a way that people were two faced as they kept secrets form each other. Before Jekyll become a scientist he was a very happy man that loved life and lived it to the fullest. Jekyll was born with everything given to him, he wanted to enjoy life but also wanted to have a status in the public eye; he wanted both things. This explains the duality of life. Jekyll says in one of the chapters ‘in concealed in on my own pleasures’ this means that his pleasure and desires were kept to him self. In order to achieve in life, he felt that he had to hide his faults from the world. The first information we are given about Dr Jekyll is form his old friend Dr Lanyon; he mentions the reason why they do not see much of each other. â€Å"Jekyll became too fanciful for me†. And that Dr Jekyll was interested in â€Å"such unscientific balderdash† This partly explains Jekyll personality as these comments would make the reader curious to know what Dr. Jekyll is up to. Later in the novella Jekyll makes his first appearance, he is described to be a ‘large, well made, smooth-faced man of fifty†¦but every mark of capacity and kindness†. To the reader he appears to be a kind man who you would not expect to do anything wrong. This is a sign of dualism in a way that Jekyll is given a false upfront of what he is really like. Jekyll also describes his personality as a â€Å"gaiety of disposition† Stevenson deliberately made this quote vague, but it instantly shows the slyness in Dr Jekyll does not want to tell anyone about his personality or life and exactly the things he got up to. This was because in the Victorian times you couldn’t talk about ‘prostitutes’ this was classed as completely wrong, you would be discarded from the society. Jekyll wanted to explore the dualism in a man and so he did; split his personality into good and evil. This is why he came up with the potion. When Jekyll first take the potion he describes his feelings in ‘The strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ Jekyll says at first ‘The most racking pangs succeeded’ he was in great pain, but then rapidly the feelings changed to the ‘incredibly sweet’ † I felt younger, lighter, happier in the body† already he experiences freedom. Jekyll was able to see a new side to the world, the evil side! He explains that these feelings ‘delighted him like wine’. Moreover, Jekyll desire from early life is to separate the two selves that are apparent but equally present. Jekyll learns how to free Hyde. But did try to control Hyde coming out, when Jekyll tries to cage Hyde for good, when he tried this Hyde didn’t come out for a long time, but Hyde was itching to come out, in the end Hyde burst out stronger than ever and becomes the more dominant one. Hyde was the powerful one while Jekyll loses the control he could maintain when he alone had actions. Jekyll becomes addicted to Hyde there for more dosages were needed. Eventually it is clear that Dr Jekyll is no longer in conduct of the transformation. In Henry Jekyll full statement of the case he says ‘I had not wakened where I seemed to be but in the little room in Soho where I was accustomed to sleep in the body of Edward Hyde’ Jekyll says he wasn’t in control anymore. A proof of this is when he says â€Å"yes I had gone to bed Henry Jekyll, I had awakened Edward Hyde† Dr Jekyll is more accepted into the society as being a scientist, people look up to him and respects him. In Jekyll full statement of the case he says â€Å"I found it hard to reconcile with my imperious desire to carry my head high, and wear a more than commonly grave countenance before the public†. This is telling us that Jekyll is giving off the impression that he is good at his profession almost being bigheaded. Hyde is the complete opposite his actions do not have consequences; Hyde’s behaviour is very ape like, just like his appearance (this goes back to Darwin’s theory.)The other characters cannot describe his outside shell as it is too hideous to describe. Hyde’s character is extremely cruel and evil. For example when he just tramples over the child in the first chapter, this shows the lack of respect for others. It also shows he is amoral. Stevenson used this marked contrast to make his point in dualism; every human being contains opposite forces within them, there’s always a different person behind a facade. This shows dualism in a whole different level. Stevenson used an aptonym for Hyde as his character â€Å"hides† in another character. The style of Stevenson’s writing is sometimes complicated as some of the sentences are longer than modern readers would normally read. Also the vocabulary is dated, and a lot of the words in the novel are no longer used. The most complex parts of the story are in Jekyll’s confession at the end. Sometimes Stevenson uses metaphors such as when Mr Enfield describes where he first met Mr Hyde as â€Å"some place at the end of the world†. He uses a lot of similes to show how inhuman Hyde really is, for example â€Å"like some damned Juggernaut† and â€Å"like Satan†. Alliteration highlights the unpleasantness of Mr Hyde; he is described as â€Å"downright detestable† and â€Å"hardly human†. Onomatopoeia emphasises the animal qualities of Mr Hyde by describing the sounds he makes as â€Å"hissing†, â€Å"snarled† and â€Å"husky†. Throughout the novella the theme of ‘hypocrisy’ is very large. Almost every character is a hypocrite take for example the police man. When the police man realised that the victim of the murder was a famous MP. You can tell from the police man face that his professional ambition meant a lot, as this would better his career and maybe lead to an early retirement. Jekyll is the ultimate hypocrite in the novella although he lives part of his life as someone else he cannot accept the natural evil inside him so he separates them. Hyde’s house keeper is another character that shows hypocrisy. She displays â€Å"odious joys† when she hears that her employer, Mr Hyde is in trouble with the police. She is described as having a face that is â€Å"worn smooth† with hypocrisy. Stevenson often uses the weather to reflect the evil within the surroundings. For example some scenes are described as foggy, which creates a sense of eeriness and mystery. Also wind is used to make the environment seem like it is full of violence and menace. Changes in the weather, for instance when Poole and Utterson are getting ready to break into Jekyll’s laboratory, also create a dark and evil atmosphere as when the wind caused the clouds to cover the moon. The house itself shows secret and hypocrisy as well. In contrast the door of Dr. Jekyll home â€Å"wore a great air of wealth and comfort†, whilst the inside of the house is described as â€Å"warmed †¦ by a bright, open fire, and furnished with costly cabinets of oak†. The good friend of Dr. Jekyll, Mr. Utterson, often spoke of it as â€Å"the pleasantest room in London.† This gives a totally different impression to that of Mr Hyde’s home. The description of Mr Hyde’s door would make it appear that the house was abandoned by the state of it. But as you enter the house there is a sense of elegance, luxury and good taste. You would expect it to be empty and unclean. A Victorian reader would not associate these two people together as they both live in different environments. They would only realise the association between them when Mr Hyde presents a cheque to the child’s family, bearing Dr. Jekyll name. This would make the reader curious of how these two know each other. However later on the reader is surprised to see that the inside of Mr Hyde’s house contains good wines, good pictures, silver plates, elegant table linen and thick carpets. These are items you would expect to see in Dr. Jekyll house. The dualism in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde is almost similar to the modern days. Jekyll as a scientist had a super ego. He was very intelligent to come up with a potion that split a mans personality, but when the character Hyde occurs, he is the complete opposite. As humans we want a balanced ego, we want desires to be fulfilled but not all desires are good. So this makes a dynamic equilibrium. This was the theory of Freud. Jekyll is dominated by superego but Hyde being the id is trying to push his way in, which he does succeed in the end. In my opinion I think that Jekyll has a balanced ego as in the end he wanted to destroy both good and evil. I think this shows he is being considerate as he could have carried on being Hyde if he wanted to. â€Å"There comes an end to all things; the most capacious measure is filled at last; and this brief condescension to my evil finally destroyed the balance of my soul†. I think this is Jekyll thinking in terms of his super ego as I think this q uote shows that he wants to get rid of Hyde as the emphasis is on the word â€Å"finally†. The dualism in the story is significant to the book, without duality in the book it would have a different perspective on the whole. Stevenson’s main aim was to put his point across about duality. Stevenson reveals that the duality of human nature runs deeper than good and evil to rational versus and reputation versus true nature. Stevenson also uses different narrators to the book to give an alternative view on Hyde and Jekyll. No single account could explain to the reader the views of characters associated with Jekyll and Hyde. For example without the support of his friend Utterson, Jekyll would not be as strong Overall I think that this novella is very complex, but has an excellent understanding to it. I think Stevenson put the theme of â€Å"duality† init in an interesting way and related it very well to the Victorian society at the time. Stevenson also comments on the constant war and balance between the two characters. â€Å"There comes an end to all things; the most capacious measure is filled at last; and this brief condescension to my evil finally destroyed the balance of my soul†. In almost all stories the good always wins in the end as Jekyll rightly committed suicide as there was no other way out. However it also could be seen as the evil getting the best of the good side as Hyde took over Jekyll’s life and Jekyll producing the potion in the first place. I think that the story relates to this day and age in a way that people are hypocrites and have two sides to them, it gives a strong message to what could happen in the outcome.

Air Asia Marketing Plan - 17833 Words

AirAsia BERHAD MARKETING PLAN No. CONTENTS PAGE 1.0 Executive Summary 1-2 2.0 Introduction 3 2.1 Background and History of AirAsia 3-4 2.2 Vision Statement 5 2.3 Mission Statement 5 2.4 Objectives 5 3.0 Environmental Analysis 6 3.1 PESTEL Analysis 6 3.1.1 Political Factors 7-8 3.1.2 Economic Factors 8-9 3.1.3 Social Factors 9-11 3.1.4 Technological Factors 11 3.1.5 Environmental Factors 11-12 3.2 PORTERs 5 Forces Model Analysis 12 3.2.1 Threats of New Entrants 12-13 3.2.2 Threats of Substitute 13-14 3.2.3 Bargaining Power of Buyers 14-15 3.2.4 Bargaining Power of Supplier 15 3.2.5 Competitive†¦show more content†¦As a result, today, the Group boasts the largest and newest A320 fleet in the region. Innovative use of technology has played a key role in AirAsia’s success story, beginning with online booking. It was the first airline in Asia to go ticketless -in March 2002 - allowing guests to pay for their bookings by credit card over the phone. Over the years, it has built on its IT platform to increase the ease of customer transactions as well as provide greater savings to the Group. In 2010, AirAsia unveiled its latest IT booking innovation in the form of New S kies, which allows customers to better manage their online bookings. With the advent of the social media, tools such as Facebook, Twitter and blogs have become integral to the Group’s customer relationship initiatives. AirAsia is, in fact, recognised as the most popular airline in the region on Facebook in terms of fan base. AirAsia is ultimately a people’s airline. This is mirrored in numerous acts of generosity that show the management truly cares. In January 2010, the Group joined hands with UNICEF to raise RM438 million (US$128million) for relief efforts targeted at Haitians affected by the earthquake. 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